page_alloc.c

/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include "internal.h"

/*
 * MCD - HACK: Find somewhere to initialize this EARLY, or make this
 * initializer cleaner
 */
nodemask_t node_online_map __read_mostly = { { [0] = 1UL } };
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_online_map);
nodemask_t node_possible_map __read_mostly = NODE_MASK_ALL;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_possible_map);
struct pglist_data *pgdat_list __read_mostly;
unsigned long totalram_pages __read_mostly;
unsigned long totalhigh_pages __read_mostly;
long nr_swap_pages;

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *	1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *	1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *	NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *	HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *	HIGHMEM allocation will (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 */
int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1] = { 256, 32 };

EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_swap_pages);

/*
 * Used by page_zone() to look up the address of the struct zone whose
 * id is encoded in the upper bits of page->flags
 */
struct zone *zone_table[1 << ZONETABLE_SHIFT] __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(zone_table);

static char *zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = { "DMA", "Normal", "HighMem" };
int min_free_kbytes = 1024;

unsigned long __initdata nr_kernel_pages;
unsigned long __initdata nr_all_pages;

/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */
static int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (page_to_pfn(page) >= zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages)
		return 1;
	if (page_to_pfn(page) < zone->zone_start_pfn)
		return 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
	if (!pfn_valid(page_to_pfn(page)))
		return 1;
#endif
	if (zone != page_zone(page))
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static void bad_page(const char *function, struct page *page)
{
	printk(KERN_EMERG "Bad page state at %s (in process '%s', page %p)\n",
		function, current->comm, page);
	printk(KERN_EMERG "flags:0x%0*lx mapping:%p mapcount:%d count:%d\n",
		(int)(2*sizeof(page_flags_t)), (unsigned long)page->flags,
		page->mapping, page_mapcount(page), page_count(page));
	printk(KERN_EMERG "Backtrace:\n");
	dump_stack();
	printk(KERN_EMERG "Trying to fix it up, but a reboot is needed\n");
	page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_lru	|
			1 << PG_private |
			1 << PG_locked	|
			1 << PG_active	|
			1 << PG_dirty	|
			1 << PG_reclaim |
			1 << PG_slab    |
			1 << PG_swapcache |
			1 << PG_writeback |
			1 << PG_reserved );
	set_page_count(page, 0);
	reset_page_mapcount(page);
	page->mapping = NULL;
	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
#define prep_compound_page(page, order) do { } while (0)
#define destroy_compound_page(page, order) do { } while (0)
#else
/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page".
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages".
 *
 * All pages have PG_compound set.  All pages have their ->private pointing at
 * the head page (even the head page has this).
 *
 * The first tail page's ->mapping, if non-zero, holds the address of the
 * compound page's put_page() function.
 *
 * The order of the allocation is stored in the first tail page's ->index
 * This is only for debug at present.  This usage means that zero-order pages
 * may not be compound.
 */
static void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;

	page[1].mapping = NULL;
	page[1].index = order;
	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		SetPageCompound(p);
		p->private = (unsigned long)page;
	}
}

static void destroy_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;

	if (!PageCompound(page))
		return;

	if (page[1].index != order)
		bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		if (!PageCompound(p))
			bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);
		if (p->private != (unsigned long)page)
			bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);
		ClearPageCompound(p);
	}
}
#endif		/* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE */

/*
 * function for dealing with page's order in buddy system.
 * zone->lock is already acquired when we use these.
 * So, we don't need atomic page->flags operations here.
 */
static inline unsigned long page_order(struct page *page) {
	return page->private;
}

static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, int order) {
	page->private = order;
	__SetPagePrivate(page);
}

static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page *page)
{
	__ClearPagePrivate(page);
	page->private = 0;
}

/*
 * Locate the struct page for both the matching buddy in our
 * pair (buddy1) and the combined O(n+1) page they form (page).
 *
 * 1) Any buddy B1 will have an order O twin B2 which satisfies
 * the following equation:
 *     B2 = B1 ^ (1 << O)
 * For example, if the starting buddy (buddy2) is #8 its order
 * 1 buddy is #10:
 *     B2 = 8 ^ (1 << 1) = 8 ^ 2 = 10
 *
 * 2) Any buddy B will have an order O+1 parent P which
 * satisfies the following equation:
 *     P = B & ~(1 << O)
 *
 * Assumption: *_mem_map is contigious at least up to MAX_ORDER
 */
static inline struct page *
__page_find_buddy(struct page *page, unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long buddy_idx = page_idx ^ (1 << order);

	return page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
}

static inline unsigned long
__find_combined_index(unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
	return (page_idx & ~(1 << order));
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is free &&
 * (b) the buddy is on the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order.
 * for recording page's order, we use page->private and PG_private.
 *
 */
static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, int order)
{
       if (PagePrivate(page)           &&
           (page_order(page) == order) &&
            page_count(page) == 0)
               return 1;
       return 0;
}

/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with PG_Private.Page's
 * order is recorded in page->private field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were   
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.   
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.            
 *
 * -- wli
 */

static inline void __free_pages_bulk (struct page *page,
		struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long page_idx;
	int order_size = 1 << order;

	if (unlikely(order))
		destroy_compound_page(page, order);

	page_idx = page_to_pfn(page) & ((1 << MAX_ORDER) - 1);

	BUG_ON(page_idx & (order_size - 1));
	BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));

	zone->free_pages += order_size;
	while (order < MAX_ORDER-1) {
		unsigned long combined_idx;
		struct free_area *area;
		struct page *buddy;

		combined_idx = __find_combined_index(page_idx, order);
		buddy = __page_find_buddy(page, page_idx, order);

		if (bad_range(zone, buddy))
			break;
		if (!page_is_buddy(buddy, order))
			break;		/* Move the buddy up one level. */
		list_del(&buddy->lru);
		area = zone->free_area + order;
		area->nr_free--;
		rmv_page_order(buddy);
		page = page + (combined_idx - page_idx);
		page_idx = combined_idx;
		order++;
	}
	set_page_order(page, order);
	list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list);
	zone->free_area[order].nr_free++;
}

static inline void free_pages_check(const char *function, struct page *page)
{
	if (	page_mapcount(page) ||
		page->mapping != NULL ||
		page_count(page) != 0 ||
		(page->flags & (
			1 << PG_lru	|
			1 << PG_private |
			1 << PG_locked	|
			1 << PG_active	|
			1 << PG_reclaim	|
			1 << PG_slab	|
			1 << PG_swapcache |
			1 << PG_writeback |
			1 << PG_reserved )))
		bad_page(function, page);
	if (PageDirty(page))
		__ClearPageDirty(page);
}

/*
 * Frees a list of pages. 
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */
static int
free_pages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
		struct list_head *list, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	int ret = 0;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
	zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
	zone->pages_scanned = 0;
	while (!list_empty(list) && count--) {
		page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
		/* have to delete it as __free_pages_bulk list manipulates */
		list_del(&page->lru);
		__free_pages_bulk(page, zone, order);
		ret++;
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
	return ret;
}

void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	LIST_HEAD(list);
	int i;

	arch_free_page(page, order);

	mod_page_state(pgfree, 1 << order);

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
	if (order > 0)
		for (i = 1 ; i < (1 << order) ; ++i)
			__put_page(page + i);
#endif

	for (i = 0 ; i < (1 << order) ; ++i)
		free_pages_check(__FUNCTION__, page + i);
	list_add(&page->lru, &list);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1<<order, 0);
	free_pages_bulk(page_zone(page), 1, &list, order);
}


/*
 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
 *
 * -- wli
 */
static inline struct page *
expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
 	int low, int high, struct free_area *area)
{
	unsigned long size = 1 << high;

	while (high > low) {
		area--;
		high--;
		size >>= 1;
		BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, &page[size]));
		list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list);
		area->nr_free++;
		set_page_order(&page[size], high);
	}
	return page;
}

void set_page_refs(struct page *page, int order)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
	set_page_count(page, 1);
#else
	int i;

	/*
	 * We need to reference all the pages for this order, otherwise if
	 * anyone accesses one of the pages with (get/put) it will be freed.
	 * - eg: access_process_vm()
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
		set_page_count(page + i, 1);
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
}

/*
 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
 */
static void prep_new_page(struct page *page, int order)
{
	if (	page_mapcount(page) ||
		page->mapping != NULL ||
		page_count(page) != 0 ||
		(page->flags & (
			1 << PG_lru	|
			1 << PG_private	|
			1 << PG_locked	|
			1 << PG_active	|
			1 << PG_dirty	|
			1 << PG_reclaim	|
			1 << PG_slab    |
			1 << PG_swapcache |
			1 << PG_writeback |
			1 << PG_reserved )))
		bad_page(__FUNCTION__, page);

	page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_uptodate | 1 << PG_error |
			1 << PG_referenced | 1 << PG_arch_1 |
			1 << PG_checked | 1 << PG_mappedtodisk);
	page->private = 0;
	set_page_refs(page, order);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);
}

/* 
 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
 */
static struct page *__rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
	struct free_area * area;
	unsigned int current_order;
	struct page *page;

	for (current_order = order; current_order < MAX_ORDER; ++current_order) {
		area = zone->free_area + current_order;
		if (list_empty(&area->free_list))
			continue;

		page = list_entry(area->free_list.next, struct page, lru);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		rmv_page_order(page);
		area->nr_free--;
		zone->free_pages -= 1UL << order;
		return expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area);
	}

	return NULL;
}

/* 
 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency.  Add them to the supplied list.
 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
 */
static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, 
			unsigned long count, struct list_head *list)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int i;
	int allocated = 0;
	struct page *page;
	
	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
		if (page == NULL)
			break;
		allocated++;
		list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
	return allocated;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* Called from the slab reaper to drain remote pagesets */
void drain_remote_pages(void)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	int i;
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	for_each_zone(zone) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

		/* Do not drain local pagesets */
		if (zone->zone_pgdat->node_id == numa_node_id())
			continue;

		pset = zone->pageset[smp_processor_id()];
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
			struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

			pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
			if (pcp->count)
				pcp->count -= free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->count,
						&pcp->list, 0);
		}
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_PM) || defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)
static void __drain_pages(unsigned int cpu)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	int i;

	for_each_zone(zone) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

		pset = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
			struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

			pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
			pcp->count -= free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->count,
						&pcp->list, 0);
		}
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM || CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM

void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long zone_pfn, flags;
	int order;
	struct list_head *curr;

	if (!zone->spanned_pages)
		return;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
	for (zone_pfn = 0; zone_pfn < zone->spanned_pages; ++zone_pfn)
		ClearPageNosaveFree(pfn_to_page(zone_pfn + zone->zone_start_pfn));

	for (order = MAX_ORDER - 1; order >= 0; --order)
		list_for_each(curr, &zone->free_area[order].free_list) {
			unsigned long start_pfn, i;

			start_pfn = page_to_pfn(list_entry(curr, struct page, lru));

			for (i=0; i < (1<<order); i++)
				SetPageNosaveFree(pfn_to_page(start_pfn+i));
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
 */
void drain_local_pages(void)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);	
	__drain_pages(smp_processor_id());
	local_irq_restore(flags);	
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

static void zone_statistics(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone *z)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	unsigned long flags;
	int cpu;
	pg_data_t *pg = z->zone_pgdat;
	pg_data_t *orig = zonelist->zones[0]->zone_pgdat;
	struct per_cpu_pageset *p;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	cpu = smp_processor_id();
	p = zone_pcp(z,cpu);
	if (pg == orig) {
		p->numa_hit++;
	} else {
		p->numa_miss++;
		zone_pcp(zonelist->zones[0], cpu)->numa_foreign++;
	}
	if (pg == NODE_DATA(numa_node_id()))
		p->local_node++;
	else
		p->other_node++;
	local_irq_restore(flags);
#endif
}

/*
 * Free a 0-order page
 */
static void FASTCALL(free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold));
static void fastcall free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold)
{
	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
	unsigned long flags;

	arch_free_page(page, 0);

	kernel_map_pages(page, 1, 0);
	inc_page_state(pgfree);
	if (PageAnon(page))
		page->mapping = NULL;
	free_pages_check(__FUNCTION__, page);
	pcp = &zone_pcp(zone, get_cpu())->pcp[cold];
	local_irq_save(flags);
	list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->list);
	pcp->count++;
	if (pcp->count >= pcp->high)
		pcp->count -= free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->batch, &pcp->list, 0);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	put_cpu();
}

void fastcall free_hot_page(struct page *page)
{
	free_hot_cold_page(page, 0);
}
	
void fastcall free_cold_page(struct page *page)
{
	free_hot_cold_page(page, 1);
}

static inline void prep_zero_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	int i;

	BUG_ON((gfp_flags & (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_HIGHMEM)) == __GFP_HIGHMEM);
	for(i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
		clear_highpage(page + i);
}

/*
 * Really, prep_compound_page() should be called from __rmqueue_bulk().  But
 * we cheat by calling it from here, in the order > 0 path.  Saves a branch
 * or two.
 */
static struct page *
buffered_rmqueue(struct zone *zone, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	int cold = !!(gfp_flags & __GFP_COLD);

	if (order == 0) {
		struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

		pcp = &zone_pcp(zone, get_cpu())->pcp[cold];
		local_irq_save(flags);
		if (pcp->count <= pcp->low)
			pcp->count += rmqueue_bulk(zone, 0,
						pcp->batch, &pcp->list);
		if (pcp->count) {
			page = list_entry(pcp->list.next, struct page, lru);
			list_del(&page->lru);
			pcp->count--;
		}
		local_irq_restore(flags);
		put_cpu();
	}

	if (page == NULL) {
		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
	}

	if (page != NULL) {
		BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));
		mod_page_state_zone(zone, pgalloc, 1 << order);
		prep_new_page(page, order);

		if (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO)
			prep_zero_page(page, order, gfp_flags);

		if (order && (gfp_flags & __GFP_COMP))
			prep_compound_page(page, order);
	}
	return page;
}

/*
 * Return 1 if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
 * of the allocation.
 */
int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
		      int classzone_idx, int can_try_harder, gfp_t gfp_high)
{
	/* free_pages my go negative - that's OK */
	long min = mark, free_pages = z->free_pages - (1 << order) + 1;
	int o;

	if (gfp_high)
		min -= min / 2;
	if (can_try_harder)
		min -= min / 4;

	if (free_pages <= min + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
		return 0;
	for (o = 0; o < order; o++) {
		/* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
		free_pages -= z->free_area[o].nr_free << o;

		/* Require fewer higher order pages to be free */
		min >>= 1;

		if (free_pages <= min)
			return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

static inline int
should_reclaim_zone(struct zone *z, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	if (!z->reclaim_pages)
		return 0;
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORECLAIM)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator.
 */
struct page * fastcall
__alloc_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
		struct zonelist *zonelist)
{
	const gfp_t wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;
	struct zone **zones, *z;
	struct page *page;
	struct reclaim_state reclaim_state;
	struct task_struct *p = current;
	int i;
	int classzone_idx;
	int do_retry;
	int can_try_harder;
	int did_some_progress;

	might_sleep_if(wait);

	/*
	 * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
	 * cannot run direct reclaim, or is the caller has realtime scheduling
	 * policy
	 */
	can_try_harder = (unlikely(rt_task(p)) && !in_interrupt()) || !wait;

	zones = zonelist->zones;  /* the list of zones suitable for gfp_mask */

	if (unlikely(zones[0] == NULL)) {
		/* Should this ever happen?? */
		return NULL;
	}

	classzone_idx = zone_idx(zones[0]);

restart:
	/*
	 * Go through the zonelist once, looking for a zone with enough free.
	 * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
	 */
	for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
		int do_reclaim = should_reclaim_zone(z, gfp_mask);

		if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z, __GFP_HARDWALL))
			continue;

		/*
		 * If the zone is to attempt early page reclaim then this loop
		 * will try to reclaim pages and check the watermark a second
		 * time before giving up and falling back to the next zone.
		 */
zone_reclaim_retry:
		if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_low,
				       classzone_idx, 0, 0)) {
			if (!do_reclaim)
				continue;
			else {
				zone_reclaim(z, gfp_mask, order);
				/* Only try reclaim once */
				do_reclaim = 0;
				goto zone_reclaim_retry;
			}
		}

		page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
		if (page)
			goto got_pg;
	}

	for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++)
		wakeup_kswapd(z, order);

	/*
	 * Go through the zonelist again. Let __GFP_HIGH and allocations
	 * coming from realtime tasks to go deeper into reserves
	 *
	 * This is the last chance, in general, before the goto nopage.
	 * Ignore cpuset if GFP_ATOMIC (!wait) rather than fail alloc.
	 * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
	 */
	for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
		if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_min,
				       classzone_idx, can_try_harder,
				       gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH))
			continue;

		if (wait && !cpuset_zone_allowed(z, gfp_mask))
			continue;

		page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
		if (page)
			goto got_pg;
	}

	/* This allocation should allow future memory freeing. */

	if (((p->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) || unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE)))
			&& !in_interrupt()) {
		if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)) {
			/* go through the zonelist yet again, ignoring mins */
			for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
				if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z, gfp_mask))
					continue;
				page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
				if (page)
					goto got_pg;
			}
		}
		goto nopage;
	}

	/* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
	if (!wait)
		goto nopage;

rebalance:
	cond_resched();

	/* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
	p->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
	reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
	p->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;

	did_some_progress = try_to_free_pages(zones, gfp_mask);

	p->reclaim_state = NULL;
	p->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

	cond_resched();

	if (likely(did_some_progress)) {
		for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
			if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_min,
					       classzone_idx, can_try_harder,
					       gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH))
				continue;

			if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z, gfp_mask))
				continue;

			page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
			if (page)
				goto got_pg;
		}
	} else if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
		/*
		 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep
		 * very high watermark here, this is only to catch
		 * a parallel oom killing, we must fail if we're still
		 * under heavy pressure.
		 */
		for (i = 0; (z = zones[i]) != NULL; i++) {
			if (!zone_watermark_ok(z, order, z->pages_high,
					       classzone_idx, 0, 0))
				continue;

			if (!cpuset_zone_allowed(z, __GFP_HARDWALL))
				continue;

			page = buffered_rmqueue(z, order, gfp_mask);
			if (page)
				goto got_pg;
		}

		out_of_memory(gfp_mask, order);
		goto restart;
	}

	/*
	 * Don't let big-order allocations loop unless the caller explicitly
	 * requests that.  Wait for some write requests to complete then retry.
	 *
	 * In this implementation, __GFP_REPEAT means __GFP_NOFAIL for order
	 * <= 3, but that may not be true in other implementations.
	 */
	do_retry = 0;
	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
		if ((order <= 3) || (gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT))
			do_retry = 1;
		if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
			do_retry = 1;
	}
	if (do_retry) {
		blk_congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/50);
		goto rebalance;
	}

nopage:
	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) && printk_ratelimit()) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: page allocation failure."
			" order:%d, mode:0x%x\n",
			p->comm, order, gfp_mask);
		dump_stack();
		show_mem();
	}
	return NULL;
got_pg:
	zone_statistics(zonelist, z);
	return page;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages);

/*
 * Common helper functions.
 */
fastcall unsigned long __get_free_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	struct page * page;
	page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
	if (!page)
		return 0;
	return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_free_pages);

fastcall unsigned long get_zeroed_page(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct page * page;

	/*
	 * get_zeroed_page() returns a 32-bit address, which cannot represent
	 * a highmem page
	 */